Thermodynamics and Kinematics

• thermodynamics notes

• 26/09/22 09:55:21 Lecture #4

  • Monday, Wednesday, senior sophister room, from week 5-14 10am-5pm
  • Carnot cycle, working at two different temperatures, cold and hot sinks are added for the isothermal parts.
  • Temperature is changed in the adiabatic path
  • The temperature differential is a way to reset the process, to get work repeatedly.
  • $q_p=(U_f+P{V}_f)-(U_i+P{V}_i)=H_f-H_i$ we have an initial state ($(U_i+P{V}_i)$) and final state ($(U_f+P{V}_f)$), our knew measure then is a state function
  • Standard conditions operate as a calibration for measurements of Enthalpy

• 27/09/22 14:02:20 Lecture #5

  • Entropy is NOT a measure of disorder
  • A measure of the dispersal of energy
  • When entropy is a max the system reaches equilibrium
  • Entropy is the change in reversible heat $d{q}_{rev}=TdS$ and $dW=-PdV$
  • Look at it in terms of degree of freedom?

• 29/09/22 09:55:58 Lecture #6

  • Internal energy that is available for work(?)
  • How many different ways to distribute energy in particles
  • micro state? Atom with a set amount of quanta
  • If we look at the energy levels of the atoms. If you have a given amount of energy say 3 (units) and 4 atoms to distribute it between, you could have one atom at energy level 3 and the others at zero, permutations in the energy levels.
  • The higher the number of particles, more ways the energy could be distributed
  • Heat transfer to cold sink is always greater for irreversible process because less heat is used for work.

• 03/10/22 09:45:16 Lecture #7

  • 10 problems covering all material, due most likely before xmas
  • Derive maxwell relations
  • All Thermodynamic properties can be derived from Gibbs energy
  • allotrope, forms in which an element can exist
  • $(\frac{\partial \mu }{\partial T}{)}_v=-S_m$ Largest slope is for gases, degrees of freedom. Entropy linked to degrees of freedom.
  • Henry’s law good for low mole fractions, Raoult’s law good for high mole fractions as it works with ideal solutes

• 11/10/22 14:02:46

  • Slowest step normally dictates rate of reaction
  • a chemical equation doesn’t convey much about the mechanism of a reaction
  • As more molecules are involved in an elementary reaction it becomes less likely (reducing entropy of all the molecules you’ve to gather)
  • Defn. of an elementary reaction is arbitrary? Or intuitive
  • SN2 reaction

• CH7001 – Thermodynamics, Reaction Kinetics & Heat Transfer Problem Set